Specialized Standardization Popularization -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Specialized Standardization Popularization? Answer: Presentation: The contextual investigation which has been accommodated examination is about a youthful high school kid named Geraint. The kid was the received offspring of his folks. He didn't have an ordinary acknowledgment into his family. There was a protest to the police in regards to a harm of individual property. At the hour of his hearing a specialist was gotten to enable the kid to out however he had declined the assistance of a specialist. This can be viewed as a case which is very regular in the current occasions where couples frequently receive youngsters whom they are either not ready to acknowledge appropriately or can't administer. These cases should be investigated with legitimate assistance and direction. Discoveries: Certain discoveries have been made which can especially be featured from the contextual analysis gave. The kid had been captured at 1 am around evening time. He was amazingly stifled and didn't need such an assistance from any quarters. He was very vexed and didn't state much at the hour of being captured by the police. At the hour of addressing additionally Geraint was amazingly disturbed. At time of addressing neither of his folks were with him. This was likewise an a valid example with respect to the conceivable idea of connection between them. A social specialist was called to fill in as a grown-up at the hour of addressing Geraint. In the wake of scrutinizing the kid it was conceivable to dig somewhat more profound into the real issues which were harming and tormenting him occasionally. The kid expressed that his folks had been discontent with him and they had made that understood to the kid a few times. The guardians expressed plainly to the kid that they lamented their choice to receive him. They refered to a few purposes behind that also. The guardians were vexed that he didn't satisfy their desires which they had from him as a youngster. They were pitiful and dispirited that Geraint couldn't perform well. He performed low reliably so they wanted that they had never received him. They generally were in the negative zone and lamented taking the choice of embracing the kid. Geraints steady helpless outcomes were the significant reason for lament of the couple who received him. They were so furious and remorseful that they obviously expressed their choice. Their choice was they didn't wish that Geraint came back to the house. Conversation: There are a few issues which emerge when a youngster understands that the individual has been embraced. The youngsters may feel miserable or amazingly hurt at the nonattendance of a connection with their introduction to the world guardians and furthermore the loss of the family and social associations which may have existed with those guardians. Such snapshots of anguish may be activated at a few occurrences in their lives. These sentiments are showed in the high schooler years at the occasions when choppiness is experienced by a greater part of the embraced youngsters. This is expected the explanation that the kids feel surrendered just as abandonable. There is consistently a natural inclination in the kids that they are bad enough for their folks. Such destructive and helpless sentiments may be exacerbated on the off chance that the youngsters discover that their folks are lamenting the choice to receive them (Charlesworth, 2013). Embraced kids may battle with issues of confidence or personality advancement gives more than their non received companions. The adolescents may feel personality emergency issues because of occurrences of rejection by their folks who have decided to embrace them. There are examples where contemplations emerge in the brain of the youngsters that might be they are not reasonable enough to live with their own folks. Each snapshot of their carries on with the kids live with the idea that they may have an entire family to peer and work out for. There may likewise be issues of blame which may go with such issues of personality and different concerns (Leslie et al., 2013). There are sure cases where received kids feel that they are deceiving their embraced family and relatives by communicating their longing to meet with their blood relations. Touchy or sincerely frail youngsters may likewise confront issues of harassing in school where they may be dependent upon cruel or impolite remarks or words when their schoolmates find out about their genuine personalities of being embraced (Brighous Swift, 2014). This specific occurrence may be clarified as an episode of immature to parent savagery which isn't quite featured even in the current days. There are sure standards of conduct which order the APV which incorporate that of coercive control, mastery and terrorizing. Essentially the parental practices are additionally undermined by dread of savagery. Selection of kids and managing them likewise incorporate their difficult standards of conduct and staying away from cases of abusive behavior at home (Bentley Mace, 2012). End: Each immature probably won't express an enthusiasm for the historical backdrop of their family. A few kids may approve of their truth of being an embraced youngster. A few youngsters know about the commitments which exist prompting the conditions of their reception. Notwithstanding this it very well may be said that those youngsters who are educated later on about their occurrences of selection, are substantially more understanding towards their embraced and birth guardians. They understand the monetary commitments which may have kept their blood relations from bringing up their kids themselves. It is seen that the circumstance of each received kid and their condition at home or their relationship with their folks is unique. Appropriate consideration and backing is required at each phase to guarantee that they are all around dealt with. There ought to be an appropriate harmony between the childs acknowledgment at home and among their families that is their family members too. Just if the kid feels acknowledged by his folks and family will a feeling of harmony win in his psyche. This is the obligation of each couple who takes the choice to embrace. Proposals: It is important to treat even a received kid as ones own youngster. In circumstances where the guardians feel that they are not prepared to assume up the liability of a kid who isn't their own they ought not continue to embrace in any case. After the couples have proceeded with their choice to receive a youngster they become liable for the effective childhood of their kid and they can't hurt a guiltless childs life in any capacity because of their lament or such a pessimism on their part (Barkley Benton, 2013). In the specific contextual analysis for instance the guardians have not indicated such an obliging conduct towards Geraint. They have continued scrutinizing him and his presentation in scholastics. They ought to have indicated a specific measure of obliging mentality towards him. They even had made an effort not to comprehend what really the explanation behind the awful execution of Geraint in school was. From their conduct it was normal for Geraint as a kid to feel tragic and down and out. The redundant denouncing proclamations of his received guardians tormented and discouraged him extraordinarily. His folks didn't attempt to know whether he was being tormented at school or was harmed because of such an announcements from his cohorts. The guardians expected to sit the kid down and talk with him in a quite neighborly way to legitimize whether they could assist him with improving his examinations in any capacity. They could sit with him for an hour in the nights when they were allowed to show him his class educational program. On the off chance that Geraint found that his folks really took an unmistakable fascination for him, he would not surrender and would not feel dismal and unsettled. He would rather try sincerely and attempt to perform better to climb high according to his folks. On the off chance that his folks listened attentively to his issues he would not feel alone in an amazing excursion. Consequently the guardians ought to have permitted Geraint to develop as a piece of his family and get acknowledged. Acknowledgment would have a tremendous impact in his life and he would have the option to perform and get passing marks for himself. As capable guardians, the couple who received Geraint expected to comprehend the day by day hardships which he needed to experience. Plainly gradually and slowly Geraint began getting brutal subsequent to being harmed in a roundabout way by the expressions of his embraced guardians for a long time. He may have inbuilt a feeling of disapproval inside him which permitted him to understand that no one discovered him adequate. The breaking of things at home was only an extreme crescendo of his emotions. In the wake of being discouraged and dismal for more often than not, eventually he could never really show his disappointment and frenzy. This was because of the way that the most notable individuals throughout his life separated from his blood relations were not tolerating him and rather lamenting their choice. References Barkley, R. A., Benton, C. M. (2013).Your disobedient youngster: Eight stages to better conduct. Guilford Press. Bentley, G., Mace, R. (Eds.). (2012).Substitute guardians: Biological and social points of view on alloparenting in human societies(Vol. 3). Berghahn Books. Brighouse, H., Swift, A. (2014).Family qualities: The morals of parent-youngster connections. Princeton University Press. Carnes?Holt, K., Bratton, S. C. (2014). The adequacy of youngster parent relationship treatment for embraced kids with connection disruptions.Journal of Counseling Development,92(3), 328-337. Charlesworth, R. (2013).Understanding kid improvement. Cengage Learning. Leslie, L. A., Smith, J. R., Hrapczynski, K. M., Riley, D. (2013). Racial socialization in transracial assenting families: Does it assist young people with managing separation stress?.Family Relations,62(1), 72-81. Matthews, J. A., Pinderhughes, E. E. (2016). Ethnic Racial Socialization Among Inracial International Adoptive Placements. Zollo, S. A. (2015). Threaten Smacking! Bringing issues to light on Childrens Rights through Popularization.Variations in Specialized Genres: Standardization and Popularization, 261.

A Brief History of Aesthetics Essay -- essays papers

A Brief History of Esthetics Style is the hypothetical investigation of expressions of the human experience and related kinds of conduct and experience. It is customarily viewed as a part of reasoning, worried about the comprehension of excellence and its signs in workmanship and nature. Be that as it may, in the last twentieth century there built up an inclination to regard it as an autonomous science, worried about exploring the wonders of craftsmanship and its place in human life. However, what in a field with a dim line in the middle of being named a science or investigation of convictions is viewed as information for figuring out what can be contemplated? It can essentially be attracted to the main three things engaged with the procedure of craftsmanship : The maker, the individual encountering, and the workmanship itself. Presently this leads us to comprehend what precisely, is craftsmanship. concentrates all the ordinary â€Å"arts†. This incorporates music, writing, theater, move, film, just as painting, figure, and design. This coordinates the understudy towards an expansive field. For instance, design may include the Sistine Chapel, considered one of the world’s most cherished masterpieces. Nonetheless, it might likewise remember the finishing for a humble community square. So at that point, craftsmanship is characterized as something that manages both the â€Å"useful† and â€Å"fine† expressions, to the extent that they claim to stylish taste, or as long as they are made with the particular purpose to cause a response, regardless of whether it be sure or negative. Some difference about the best possible meaning of gets by from the contention of opponent ways of thinking in reasoning and craftsmanship analysis during the eighteenth advertisement nineteenth hundreds of years, when initially accomplished acknowledgment as an unmistakable field of information and assessment. The defining moment which affected most researchers to accept that inclined toward technical studies, as opposed to towards reasoning started with Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Esthetic Judgment. The way to deal with excellence and craftsmanship turned out to be progressively powerful and supernatural. A pioneer in the reestablished endeavor of workmanship as science was Hippolyte Taine, who suggested that styles of craftsmanship ought to be concentrated similarly as plants are concentrated by botanists, and are dependent upon the equivalent transformative turn of events. Simultaneously in Germany, the name Kunstwissenschaft was applied to the recorded compositions of Semper, Fiedler, Burckhardt, and Riegl. In their compositions, they took a stab at lack of bias in relative investigation I... ...occurred. Through , its very own zone had been saved for man’s masterful innovativeness. Presently autonomy transformed into mastery, and the propensity towards separation offered approach to want for complete comprehensiveness. Workmanship, subsequent to freeing itself from administration under outsider forces, (to be specific the restraint of craftsmen and their specialty, or the absence of training in human expressions) tried in its chance to grasp life completely. In all things, there is workmanship, and in craftsmanship, there is everything. Or then again so it was in German sentimental idea. Since the commencement of , which is apparently the timeframe held inside the universe, very little has been mutilated. Workmanship, alongside is an amazingly troublesome subject to understand, because of the changing idea of topics, feelings, and decisions. Not to refer to all the social orders, timeframes, ethnicities, age and sex one-sided conclusions. It is neither a science, nor a way of thinking. It is both. inside itself is a delight, which will always bewilder the psyches of the world. Craftsmanship, set in the area of theory and science uncovers its intrinsic tendency, (albeit unclear) to everlastingly interest and astound both the logical and philosophical personalities.

King Arthur Myth Essays - Mythological Kings, Welsh Mythology

Lord Arthur Myth There has been a ton of material expounded on King Arthur and his court. He has been a well known figure in writing for more than 800 years. Individuals accept he was just a fantasy and a few people accept he was a genuine individual. Not a great deal of data on King Arthur is truth; most is anecdotal from numerous kinds of essayists. The most punctual reference of Arthur is the sonnet Gododdin (A.D. 600) likewise Historia Bitton by Nennius (A.D.800). In Sir Thomas Mallory's Novel Le Morte D'Arthur, individuals get a smart thought on how he functioned what's more, how the life in those days was. Numerous accounts have been composed and stories have been recounted King Arthur yet stories can't be demonstrated to be valid. There are numerous various adaptations and a wide range of styles and dialects expounded on King Arthur. Welsh, Italian, Celtic, and Arabian, are only a couple of kinds of beginnings from where Arthur has voyage. It is accepted that Arthur was a fifth-century English ruler likewise named Rithoamus (which means high king)1. The noteworthy Arthur lived in the fogs of the dim ages. From the reference book of Arthurian Legends, Arthur was not a medieval ruler. It is accepted that he was a fifth century chieftain who ensured his kin . Arthur changes from a God-like Celtic lord, to a ruler, to a standard man. There are a wide range of suppositions as of whom Lord Arthur was. Ruler Arthur showed up as a national legend in Geoffrey of Monmouth's book called Historia Regum Britanniea (which means, History of The Kings of Britain). A considerable lot of the legends told about Arthur and the round table take place in the mansion of Camelot. This is to be accepted to have been Cadbury Mansion. This is close to Somerset. There is no proof that a little manor, Camelot, existed. There is proof; in any case, that there was a château in the huge slope, inside the external dividers, accepted to be Camelot. Arthur was a great pioneer and a fantastic contender. When battling, Arthur based his procedures on his slope fortifications, and mounted commando's. It is said that Arthur battled wars that gave him control over Britain, Ireland, and France. After he picked up control, he made his case of the Roman Empire. A significant number of the wars he battled were against the Saxons. Arthur was an incredible Calvaryman. Sir Thomas Mallory's Book, Le Morte D' Arthur-, one of the universes well known books about Arthur, his court, and his life, is critical to youthful perusers on the whole various nations. This is a significant book, and contains huge subtleties on how life was back in those years. In The Book, Le Morte D' Arthur, composed By Sir Thomas Mallory, recounts to the tale of King Arthur. In this story of King Arthur, Lord Uther Pendragon is his dad 2. Lord Arthur's dad Uther Pendragon passed on while in his bed 3. Uther Pendragon passed on when Arthur was two years of age. Lord Arthur got his title, ruler, by hauling Excalibur out of the stone. Individuals in the nation viewed him as his ruler since he had the ability to pull the blade out. In Mallory's book, Arthur is the incredible lord of Britain. Arthur overcomes Rome and was the organizer of the Knights of the Round Table. Numerous individuals considered Arthur to be an unadulterated and perfect man, be that as it may, he submits inbreeding and infidelity with his Queen Margause and considers with her charlatan Sir Modred, whom Arthur attempts to suffocate. Ruler Arthur at last weds Gwynevere, who he later sentences to passing 4. He sentences her to consume due to infidelity. Mallory's Novel was one of the best works distributed and a magnificent piece to peruse on the off chance that one is keen on studying Arthur and his court. Another significant essayist was a Welsh author, Geoffrey of Monmouth, who likewise expounded in detail on King Arthur and his life. His bit of composing was called Historia Regum Britanniea, (which implies, History of the Kings of Britain). The two bits of composing contrast in manners. Geoffrey was a Welsh minister. It's been proposed that Geoffrey took Arthur as his last name since it was his dad's name. It may not be going too far to even think about believing that Geoffrey's interest with the antiquated Celtic saint Arthur may have started when he was a kid, hearing the stories his dad may have enlightened him regarding his name 2. My name is Arthur, his dad may have stated, and I need to enlighten you concerning another man named Arthur who lived long, quite a while in the past. So

ESL Learners Test Preparation

ESL Learners Test Preparation Its imperative to get ready well for huge tests - particularly for tests like the TOEFL, IELTS or Cambridge First Certificate (FCE). This guide will assist you with making strides towards doing your absolute best on the enormous day. Know Your Test First of all: Find out about the test! Perusing test-explicit arrangement materials will assist you with understanding your qualities and shortcomings on explicit point territories shrouded in the test. Understanding which sorts of issues are least demanding and which are most troublesome will assist you with building up an examination plan for the test. While building up your arrangement, observe syntax, jargon, tuning in, talking and composing desires. Additionally, observe explicit exercise types on your test. Getting ready for the TOEFLPreparing for the First Certificate ExamPreparing for the IELTS Practice, Practice, Practice When you have set up an investigation plan, youll need to do heaps of training. Practice starts with understanding the subjects that will be remembered for perusing, composing and tuning in. On the off chance that youre not taking a course, utilizing propelled level assets at this site can assist you with concentrating up and practice syntax, fabricate jargon, just as improve composing methods and listening aptitudes. Propelled Grammar ResourcesAdvanced Writing ResourcesAdvanced Vocabulary Resources Practice Specific Types of Test Problems So youve looked into your sentence structure, composing, and jargon, presently youll need to apply these abilities to explicit kinds of activities you will discover on your test. There are various free and paid assets accessible on the Internet. Cambridge Exams Practice Materials Take Practice Tests After you have gotten comfortable with the sorts of activities on your test, youll need to work on accepting the test as frequently as could reasonably be expected. For this reason, the best activity is buy one of the numerous books that give practice tests to the TOEFL, IELTS or Cambridge Exams. Top TOEFL Study MaterialsTop First Certificate Study Materials Set yourself up - Test Taking Strategy Instantly before the enormous day, youll likewise need to invest some energy creating explicit test taking abilities. These aptitudes remember techniques for different decision questions, timing, and different issues. Viable Test Taking Strategies Set yourself up - Understand the Test Structure At the point when you comprehend the general methods required to excel on a test, youll likewise need to examine explicit exercise strategies to assist you with building up a methodology for each kind of inquiry. These connections center around explicit activities that youll find on the Cambridges First Certificate Exam. Be that as it may, these kinds of activities are found on the vast majority of the significant tests in some structure.

Health Systems between the USA - UK & Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Health Systems between the Usa, Uk and Australia. Answer: Presentation: With the headway of innovation the general future of ordinary citizens fundamentally expanded. Along these lines the level of movement of a nation can be measured by the progression of their human services framework. In this task, a similar evaluation of medicinal services framework is done among Australia, the United States of America and Britain. The key goal of this task is to examine the cost, openness, decision and nature of the social insurance framework in the relevant nations. The objective of this task is to measure the effectiveness of every nation in dealing with their social insurance framework. The favorable circumstances and impediments exist in the human services arrangement of Australia, the United States of America and Britain is likewise evaluated. The extents of progress are additionally distinguished here with placing worry in the Australian framework. Toward the start of the task, a different examination is done in the middle of the given nations. At long last, a t the closing part, a near examination is appeared with the assistance of diagrams, charts and tables. The task is finished by proffering favorable circumstances of every nation with the other while putting weight on the Australian framework. Conversation: Australia Cost: The wellbeing consumption in Australia is determined as 140.2 billion Dollars which is 9.5 percent of total national output or GDP of the whole nation. Moreover, 70 percent of the absolute expenses of the medicinal services framework is financed by the administration with the assistance of citizens cash (Mukherjee, 2008). Access: Though the human services framework in Australia is acceptable however it's costly and because of this explanation, cash based costs stop individuals getting care (Davis et al. 2014). As a matter of fact, what occurs in Australia's medicinal services framework is called co-installment process where the patients additionally pay which is right around 20 percent of the complete expense. Be that as it may, in some cases, the patients share increments to such a level which isn't moderate by the patient (Mukherjee, 2008). Decision: A patient in Australian set up can't pick their own specific master doctor. Moreover, they likewise probably won't have a choice about when they are admitted to a social insurance office for elective clinical strategies. Medicare benefits additionally rely upon a timetable of costs known as the Medicare Benefits Schedule, or MBS. This is especially set by the Australian Government after a discussion with the helpful specialists. Specialists are not required to stick to the timetable of treatment (except for optometry) and can charge more than the booked cost (Lancet,2014). Quality: The general nature of Australian social insurance framework is agreeable with scarcely any extents of progress in by reinforcing specialist tolerant proportion (Mukherjee, 2008). England Cost: The all out medicinal services subsidizing by UK government since 1997 to 2013 has been expanded fundamentally. The all out medicinal services costs in private and general human services framework in the year 2013 was 150.6 Billion contrasted with 54. 9 Billion in the year 1997. The all out development recorded for the medicinal services consumption from 1997 to 2009 was 8.1 percent though the development has been decreased to 2per penny from 2009 to 2013. The essential financing for human services has been occurring in national protection commitments separated from general tax assessment and client charges. The essential bit of leeway of the private division in human services is the selection of advisors which NHS has embraced as of late as patient's fundamental rights. The fundamental detriment of social insurance is the expense of the treatment which is very low in NHS in the UK (Anhang Price et al. 2014).Access: national medicinal services framework in the UK has been the m ost available human services framework as far as cost. The subsidizing has been expanded essentially in the NHS which gives more decisions to the minimal effort and excellent treatment. Though the in the availability in the private area reliant on the moderateness and riches. The decision of master was constantly accessible in private segment which NHS has been executing as the fundamental right of the patients. The cost engaged with both the cases represents an immense distinction where significant expense treatment offered by open division contrasted with NHS plot (Mukherjee, 2008). Decision: the individuals secured under NHS have been given some successful rights for decisions, for example, general medical procedure and NHS care. Indeed, even the patients under NHS can pick the association secured under NHS as per their comfort yet the decision in private segment relies on the cost reasonableness and riches. Quality: the quality worries of NHS have been settled by the intermittent increment in spending portion from 1997 to 2013. The essential worry of the NHS constitution is to give expanded worth less cost (Fleming, 2008). USA Cost: the national consumption of United States on Health care has been expanded to $3.2 trillion which is a noteworthy increment by 5.8 percent. The reasonable consideration act significantly affects the social insurance framework in the USA which builds the general human services subsidizing. Consequently complete development including private and open part has altogether expanded in late 2015. The administration inclusion for human services benefits in the United States is 27.8 percent while the essential financing occurred from 84per penny protection inclusion for medicinal services framework in the United States. The upside of private human services framework in the USA is quick treatment and free selection of specialists though on account of government subsidized associations the line is long and the decision is less (Runciman, 2012). Access: the openness in the private medicinal services framework is high contrasted with government financed emergency clinics in the USA. 84per penny of the protection inclusion of the United state populace could get to the office though the remainder of the populace has a less openness in the private segment emergency clinics in the USA (Lancet,2014). Decision: the decision is high in the event of private medical clinics and different scope of medicines could be profited by the protection holders in the USA. Patients in private part medical clinic could pick any treatment strategy as per the protection inclusion (Howick et al. 2014). Quality: the nature of the all out social insurance framework in the United States is very high and 84per penny of the protection secured individuals could benefit the top notch treatment relying on the moderateness and protection inclusion of the idea of the treatment (Alhassan et al. 2015). Results: Figure 1: Australian Health framework (Source:Corallo et al. 2014 Figure 2: Life Expectancy among the occupant (Source: Corallo et al. 2014) Figure 3: Distribution of specialist per 1000 man Source: Corallo et al. 2014 Figure 4: Distribution of clinic bed per 1000 man (Source:Corallo et al. 2014) Social insurance Issues Australia USA England Essential idea The social insurance framework in Australia is the blended kind where the legislative control is went with the privatization. Every single Australian Citizen is qualified for the entrance of the Universal Medical Cover which is additionally called Medicare. Being an industrialized nation, the entrance to social insurance framework isn't guaranteed by the relevant government. In any case, the administration has given worker retirement pay security act which ensures full boss inclination over medical coverage. Thus, it is seen that the human services framework in the United States significantly possesses by the private area. The Government of the relevant nation builds up a legal body named National Health Service or NHS to guarantee the strength of their resident. Cost (complete medicinal services consumption per capita) 4,115 dollar 9,086 dollar 3,364 dollar Openness (per 1000 populace) Specialist: 3.4 Clinic bed: 3.4 Nurse:11.3 Intense consideration: 3.4 Doctor:2.6 Clinic bed: 2.5 Medical attendant: 7.9 Intense consideration: 2.5 Specialist: 2.8 Clinic bed:2.8 Medical attendant: 8.2 Intense care:2.7 Decisions As the Australian social insurance framework is a blended framework where privatization and administrative control exist together, the decision of human services is moderate. On account of the United States, the decision is moderately high as individuals have sole obligation regarding the medical clinic charge installment. As the social insurance framework is completely constrained by legal association National Health Service or NHS, the decision is less. Quality Moderate quality moderate reasonableness Top notch low moderateness Similarly Low quality however high moderateness. Positioning according to World Health Organization (WHO) 32 37 18 Table 1: Comparisons summed up in graphs, tables, ace/con records and so on. (Source:Corallo et al. 2014) End: These three nations have an absence of specialists according to 1000 patients. It is likewise joined by the issue of absence of clinic beds per 1000 patients. Subsequently, the government assistance of the patients ought to be the primary goal to the authority as opposed to whatever else. On this note, every one of the above examined nations needs to give more consideration to improve their primary care physician patients apportion alongside the quantity of bed designations. Points of interest of Australia's framework contrasted with Britain: More decisions are accessible as it is a blended framework. Points of interest of Australia's framework contrasted with the USA: It has more noteworthy reasonableness as it is incompletely constrained by the administrative body. Methods of progress of Australia's arrangement of executing components of the British or US framework: Australias social insurance framework will be better in the event that they focus on the patients issue, more than their lucrative idea. Co-installment is something that the poor can't appreciate in any event, when they need that office. Methods of progress of the British, US frameworks: the British social insurance framework needs to give more consideration to the qua

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 #10 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 â€" #10 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the tenth and final entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 10 â€" Subscribe to this blog The best way to stay up-to-date regarding matters of admission is to subscribe to this blog.   Yes the SIPA Web site is a great source of information and you should scour it for information, but for the most part the Web site is static and is rarely updated.   We try to update it as needed, but the blog is much more informative as far as the day-to-day things going on in our office. Over in the right menu of the blog there is an empty box with “Subscribe” written below it.   Simply enter your email and each and every time this blog is updated, you will receive an email message letting you know there is new content. Why is it a good idea to subscribe?   Well for one we try to monitor common questions and post answers to the site for mass consumption.   Two, this is your window into the admission cycle.   We will update you on what is going on in our office.   And finally, this is a great way to find out more about what is going on at SIPA and to learn about fellowship opportunities.   You can consider this to be the most frequently updated Web space concerning matters of admission and financial aid.

Private Label Discussion - 275 Words

Private Label Discussion (Coursework Sample) Content: Private Label Products Discussion Student’s Name Course Date Private Labels Products Discussion The main objective of many businesses is to maximize owners’ wealth and generate profits from invested capital and available resources. However, the operations of such businesses are guided by the fiduciary duty to provide quality products and services at the right quantity and price. Private Labels (PLs) refer to products manufactured by one company and sold by another (Vargas-Hernà ¡ndez, 2011). In essence, the manufacturers of a National Brand (NBs) may produce and sell products to wholesalers, retailers and other interested parties at a low price, who in turn brand the products under their name and sell them at a lower price compared to the products marketed under the national brand. By doing so, manufacturers are able to increase sales volumes by providing retailers with alternative products at lower prices to cover market demand. Arguably, manuf acturers should feel free to sell private labels as a source of revenue. Private labels have been in the market for the past 100 years but have gained popularity in the past two decades. Although there have been controversies on the quality of private labels due to the low prices, recent efforts from manufacturers have led to improved product quality. As a result, many consumers have changed their traditionally-held perception that viewed private labels as inferior (Vargas-Hernà ¡ndez, 2011). Also, many retailers of private labels have improved their marketing efforts and competitive spirit, leading to the prevalence of PLs in many markets. The promotion of the NBs has also led to higher sales and higher revenue for both manufacturers and retailers, enabling the sellers to meet market demands and satisfying consumer needs. As such, manufacturers should continue selling private labels. Since PLs are acquired at low prices, their...

Mutilating Self Into Spirit Sylvia Plaths Poems.

Sylvia Plath’s poems: Translation of the self into spirit, after an ordeal of mutilation. Introduction of the poems and the essay: * â€Å"Daddy† Sylvia Plath uses her poem, â€Å"Daddy†, to express intense emotions towards her father’s life and death and her disastrous relationship with her husband. The speaker in this poem is Sylvia Plath who has lost her father at age ten, at a time when she still adored him unconditionally. Then she gradually realizes the oppressing dominance of her father, and compares him to a Nazi, a devil, and a vampire. Later, the conflict of this relationship continues with her husband which led to a short and painful marriage. In â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath, the author illustrates her feelings of anger and resentment†¦show more content†¦H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, William Blake, Robert Lowell, J. D. Salinger, Anne Sexton, Dylan Thomas, Virginia Woolf, W. B. Yeats | | InfluencedTed Hughes, Jaime Manrique[1], Marjorie Perloff[2] | | Signature | | Analysis of the poem: â€Å"Daddy† * The title and the notion â€Å"daddy†: The word â€Å"daddy† generally refers to the notion of the benignity and protectiveness of or befitting a father. It is a quite positive term and a source of happiness and ultimate fountain of love for children. Here, the term is shown quite negatively and a father has become the cause of unhappiness and mental destruction for the poet. The poem opens with the negative tone and shows how the poet has suffered because of her father’s absence. The poet calls her father as God in the beginning and then as the poem goes the figure of Godly â€Å"daddy† turns into the devilish one. She wishes to come out of the memory of her father as she says, Daddy, I have to kill you. You died before I had time— Marble-heavy, a bag full of God. Then again she says, A cleft in your chin

How Did the Period of Renaissance Alter Man’s View of Man...

The Renaissance period was a truly enlightening period in history that birthed many great advancements in all fields of science, and inventions. How did the period of time we know as, â€Å"The Renaissance†, change or alter man’s view of man? Well, we know that in the Middle Ages, the Church had authority over most people, and people had very few rights. In 1400’s, the Middle Ages had ended and then began the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a monumental change in Europe which lasted for 300 years. Humanity as we know it was changed drastically by this rebirth of Europe, and truly enlightening time period. The cause of this was many bright minds using their resources to their maximum potential; beginning new advancements in art, literature,†¦show more content†¦In Document A, Theodore Rabb states that he believes visual arts are the strongest evidence of the break of medieval culture to the time of the Renaissance. He goes on to explain in Document A th at the advancements in visual arts clearly displayed by the two paintings; â€Å"Well-defined landscapes, natural folds in drapery, and three dimensional figures†. Theodore Rabb also states, â€Å"The new artistic styles would echo the broader movements and interests of the new age†, and goes on to further explain that the community would forever be changed after the new implementations. Literature was definitely another form of art for a large amount of people including visual artists. This form of art included many references to god, and most forms of literature related to the individual’s religious beliefs. Literature was an effective way for people to express a higher level of thinking, and clear their minds in a sense. In Document B, the first excerpt from the English play Everyman supposedly carries a message right out of the Middle Ages. This excerpt basically states that humans think sins are full of sweet/fun things in the beginning, but will eventually lead their souls to regret. It continues on to say that God will call everyman and everyman must listen and do what he says. In Document B, Shakespeare writes from the renaissance and praises man for being so amazing, so god-like, and how beautiful we are, certainly a very different perspective, andShow MoreRelatedNative Americans History1879 Words   |  7 Pagesthey brought with them, their way of life. The Anglos were not prepared for encountering a developed culture such as the Native Americans. Nevertheless, the European settlers had opposite views of the Native tribe’s beliefs, traditions and culture. The hardest interpretation Anglo-Americans could not grasps was how the Native Americans’ used their land and their belief that land was not owned. The settlers regarded American Indians as savages, or uncivilized people that were in dire need of their protectionRead MoreGender in Shakespeares Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night3235 Words   |  13 Page sBecca Griffing 02/08/2012 Shakespeare in Love Analyze the representation of gender in two or more plays and/or films When reading literature from the Renaissance period, it is clear to see male and female characters were thought upon as two completely different types of people. By following what the bible told them about the opposite sexes, writers in this time were able to set specific gender norms for both men and women. However, when reading the works of William Shakespeare, one can senseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Elizabethan Era3177 Words   |  13 PagesShakespeare, possibly the greatest writer in English language, had different views about the world than most writers. Shakespeare completely disagreed with the Elizabethan society he lived in and with the concept of time. He found his society’s views unproductive and incorrect and he believed that time should not be a part of life, since it causes too much harm. His work showed how he viewed the concept of love and friendship and how someone cannot live his or her life properly without loving someone andRead MoreJames Weldon Jo hnson s The Autobiography Of An Former Colored Man And Nella Larsen s Passing3489 Words   |  14 PagesWeldon Johnson’s The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man and Nella Larsen’s Passing The concept of racial passing refers to the occurrence in which an individual is able to transcend racial boundaries. During the Harlem Renaissance, the term â€Å"passing† meant to signify mixed race individuals who were light skinned enough to pass as white and mingle freely within white society, almost completely undetected. This was significant considering the time period – the one-drop rule was still in effect, meaningRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pagesactions would end up transforming the world indefinitely. Successors of the Roman Church would end up finding themselves on a boat destine for the new world. He galvanized the migration of many Europeans, hoping to evade harsh persecution. Not only did Martin set the stage for early reform of religion, he also opened the doors of westward expansion and economic growth. The reformation had completely redirected religion and its viewpoints for eternity. The protestant reformation had empowered severalRead MoreThe Metrics Of English Literature4721 Words   |  19 PagesEnglish literature throughout the periods Old English to the Modern English, ranging from 800 A.D, all the way to the twentieth century. Sylvia argues that the language is based on entertainment and that the enjoyment of the text lies in bringing out the beauty of the language and the craftsmanship of the author. And, as for Joseph Johnson, his insight and deconstruction of text and the English language through linguistics is able to magnify the origins of the text and how its historical context wouldRead MoreEssay on Mateship in Australian Films5134 Words   |  21 PagesMateship in Australian Films Mateship has long been a major aspect of the national image as projected by Australian films, yet the moralities of mateship and the image of men as mates did not go unchallenged. Australian cinema as a significant part of the whole industry of image-makers in the country, the way it portrays mateship, the single most important mythic element in the cultural identity of Australia, is worth analysing. This paper first reviews the historicalRead MoreGlobal Politics Essay6696 Words   |  27 Pagesdeserve further evaluation. The exercise of authority and power are facts as old as time, throughout the ages men have tried to explain and understand how and why political authority is organised. Sovereignty is a concept used to explain political power, to attempt to understand the complex interactions that take place as man strives towards the most effective and efficient form of societal organisation. The purpose of this discussion is to attempt to provide a clearer Read MoreThe Function of Criticism at the Present Time12631 Words   |  51 Pagesof the creative effort of the human spirit over its critical effort. And the other day, having been led by an excellent notice of Wordsworth published in the North British Review, to turn again to his biography, I found, in the words of this great man, whom I, for one, must always listen to with the profoundest respect, a sentence passed on the critics business, which seems to justify every possible disparagement of it. Wordsworth says in one of his letters:−− The writers in these publicationsRead MoreJohn Locke And The Locke Of The United States5485 Words   |  22 Pagesright and it is derived from labor and property precedes government and government cannot dispose of the estates of the subjects arbitrarily From the Second treat - - But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence; though man in that state have an uncontrollable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it. The

Chaucer Essay - 2650 Words

Chaucers The Canterbury Tales demonstrate many different attitudes toward and perceptions of marriage. Some of these ideas are more liberal thought such as the marriages portrayed in the Wife of Bath, the Clerk’s and Merchant’s Tales. Then there are those tales that are very traditional, such as that discussed in the Franklins and the Squire’s tales. And lastly there is a tales of that of the Friar and the Summoner which aren’t really involved with marriage but are in the middle of the marriage group to show the fighting between two men and to prove the Wife of bath right. While several of these tales are rather comical, they do indeed give us a representation of the attitudes toward marriage at that time in history. Marriage in†¦show more content†¦She depicts women as a commodity to be bought and used in marriage, one whose economic and religious task was to pay the debt in a society although she claims to have control over this process. For exa mple, her first three husbands gave her economic security in exchange for the sexual use of her body. This degradation of sexual life in the culture is greatly evoked, and supported by the Churchs command to pay the debt. The Wife of Bath clearly rebels against male domination with regard to her first three husbands but still accepts the ways in which she survives economically. Overall, marriage for the Wife of Bath is much more than sexual pleasure; it provides her with a vast sense of power in the exercise of her sovereignty. â€Å"That nogh wol be governed by hir wyves† (Chaucer 122). Through obstinacy, the Wife of Bath declares that a wife will achieve sovereignty in marriage, which is good for both wife and husband as a womans sovereignty provides for peace. She also sees women as objects and commodities to be purchased, which is probably why she has such a great lack of respect for marriage. The Friar’s and Summoner’s Tales come right in the middle of the marriage groups tales. These two tales come right after the Wife of bath’s tale to connect them to the marriage group. Both of these tales connectShow MoreRelatedEssay on Geoffrey Chaucer778 Words   |  4 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, a writer, and of course a diplomat. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the early hours of 1340s to John Chaucer, a vintner and assistant to the kings butler. As a boy, he was a leaf to the Countess of Ulster. (Lombardi) Chaucer was the most famous for writing his unfinished Canterbury tales. (Geoffrey Chaucer) He was born in London, only problem is, the exact date and place are unknown. From his writings Chaucer emerges as poet of love, both worldly and heavenlyRead More Chaucer Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf of the eighth century and Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales of the fourteenth century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The time in which Chaucer lived was quot;one of the most disagreeable periods of our national historyquot; (Legouis 80). The Black Death destroyed a third of the population and many people turned to the church for help. Goeffery Chaucer, being quot;the great poetical observer of men, who in every age is born to record and eternizequot; (Blake 51), wrote The Canterbury TalesRead MoreAge of Chaucer1901 Words   |  8 PagesRomaunt of the Rose: It’s a lengthy allegorical poem written in octosyllabic couplets and based upon Le Romaunt de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung. According to critics, not the entire poem, but the first part of it may be written by Chaucer. In this dream poem the narrator enters the Garden of Mirth, where he sees various allegorized figures and falls in love with a rosebud. Part A and B describe the instructions of the god of love to the dreamer. Part C is a fragment and satirizesRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Geoffrey Chaucer1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdominated society. â€Å"Millions are condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against their lot.† As Charlotte Brontà « and many other authors have found, it is seemingly unfair that these roles are the way they are. Geoffrey Chaucer also explores this reality with his creation of the Wife of Bath’s Tale. Although her thoughts may have been a bit different from Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, the character portrayed in this tale explores the duality of both challenging and upholding the patriarchyRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreEssay on Chaucer: Satire And Humor2661 Words   |  11 PagesChaucer: Satire And Humor Until Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales, he was primarily know for being the writer of love poems, such as The Parliament of Fowls, narratives of doomed passion, and stories of women wronged by their lovers. These works are nothing short of being breath taking, but they do not posses the raw power that the Canterbury Tales do. This unfinished poem, which is about 17,000 lines, is one of the most brilliant works in all of literature. The poem introducesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2127 Words   |  9 PagesIt is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. ThoughRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinary

Essay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour - 655 Words

Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the author depicts how someone can be trapped in an unproductive and unsatisfying reality because of other’s thoughtlessness, exploitation, and domination. When combined with the contemporary society’s belief, presumably the later half of the 19th century, a further understanding of Chopin’s thoughts and feelings can be realized. Mrs. Louise Mallard, the victim and messenger of this story, is the image of such a person. Her relationship with her husband is so oppressive and limiting that even death is considered a reasonable means of escape. The condition of life for Mrs. Mallard is terrible, yet for some reason she doesn’t seem to come to the full†¦show more content†¦She is realizing that she will have freedom through her husband death and whispers over and over, â€Å"free, free, free!† Her unhappiness is not with her husband, it is her rankings in society and becoming a widow is her only chance she has to gain the power, money, respect, and most of all freedom. At the time of this story many women didn’t have any source of revenue, so in order for her to gain the money she wanted to get the freedom she finally deserved; she would have to obtain it in two ways: inherited from her husband or receive it from her family. Mrs. Mallard was on her way to becoming the free woman she needed to be but there was this one thing holding her back, money, and the only the question was how she was going to get it in a respectable way. In the later half on the 19th century women looked at as the wife and mother, keeper of the household, guardian of moral purity of all who lived there. The home was to be a haven of comfort and quiet and sheltered from the harsh realities of the working world. Children were to be cherished and nurtured, and to pulling against these traditions was the sense of urgency. Women’s roles were meant to steady, but women could not help but see opportunities for themselves in this growth. Jobs opened up in factories, ret ail establishments and offices, giving women new options.Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a perfect example of literature that glorifies the commonplace event: the story depicts a gigantic event in the life of its protagonist by using a minimalist economy of means. The opening sentence of The Story of an Hour carefully sets up the conclusion of the story. Chopin is working with such limited space here that it resembles more the crafting of a poem than a fictional narrative. We are told that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble so greatRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour537 Words   |  3 Pages In Kate Chopins short story quot;The Story of an Hour,quot; there is much hatred. The first hatred detected is in the way that Louise reacts to the news of the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard. Before Louises reaction is revealed, Chopin turns to how the widow feels by describing the world according to her outlook of it after the bad news. Louise is said to quot;not hear the story as many women have heard the same.quot; Rather, she accepts it and goes to her room to be alone. Now the personRead MoreSymbolism In Kate Chopins The Story Of An Hour1013 Words   |  5 PagesWhile most of Kate Chopin’s short stories were well received, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was originally rejected by publishers until 1894 when Vogue decided to publish the short story. However after her death most of Chopin’s work was forgotten, that was until the 1950s when her work again was recognized as insightful and moving, setting into motion a Kate Chopin revival which was both successful and remarkable (Biography). â€Å"The Story of an Hour† focuses on the liberation and new found freedom of a newlyRead MoreKate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay560 Words   |  3 Pages In Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hourâ₠¬ , the author shows us the response of a young woman to her husband’s presumed death. Before the news, the widow, Mrs. Mallard, felt trapped in a situation she found to be inescapable. Her marriage made her feel as though her will wasn’t really her own, that she wasn’t really free. However, when the news of her husband’s death reaches her, she finally begins to feel that she has a chance to be free. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; During her mingledRead MoreKate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† allows one to explore many ironic instances throughout the story, the main one in which a woman unpredictably feels free after her husband’s assumed death. Chopin uses Mrs. Mallard’s bizarre story to illustrate the struggles of reaching personal freedom and trying to be true to yourself to reach self-assertion while being a part of something else, like a marriage. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† the main character, Mrs. Mallard, celebrates the death of her husbandRead MoreCriticism In Kate Chopins The Story Of An Hour830 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction to any other writer with this kind of writing style to verify my assertion of Kate Chopin’s work, nonetheless Chopin does a brilliant job of exhibiting her Creole background in her work coherently. Although many may argue that modern feminism has taken a new meaning compared to its’ early beginnings. Chopin exhibited a hint of feminism through characters like Clarisse and Mrs. Mallard. In The Story of An Hour, Chopin crafted Mrs. Mallards Character as woman who seem to yearn for freedom to theRead MoreKate CHopins Story of an Hour Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages In Kate Chopins Story of an Hour the author portrays patriarchal oppression in the institution of marriage by telling the story of one fateful hour in the life of a married woman. Analyzing the work through feminist criticism, one can see the implications of masculine discourse. Mrs. Mallards medical diagnosis is an example of the male-dominated society in which she lives. They are able to tell her that she indeed has a heart condition, but are unable to treat her effectivelyRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour911 Words   |  4 Pages Women should be powerful, beautiful and intelligence. Nevertheless, women in the eighteenth century were portrayed as servants did not have any say in anything just like the story of an hour by Kate Chopin, where even in a good marriage you could not do the things you wanted to do. What if their husbands died what would come of them? How would they feel? And the irony of gaining freedom but losing everything? In the eighteenth century, Women were portrayed as powerless beneath the men becauseRead More Irony in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essays1295 Words   |  6 PagesIrony in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour A very dull and boring story can be made into a great story simply by adding in something that is unexpected to happen. When the unexpected is used in literature it is known as irony. An author uses irony to shock the reader by adding a twist to the story. The author of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is Kate Chopin. Her use of irony in the story is incredibly done more than once. Irony is thinking or believing some event will happen but in return the unexpectedRead MoreThe Story of a Widow in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagespersistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.† Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is the story of a woman’s reaction to the news of her husband’s passing. Mrs. Louise Mallard is a young woman most would conclude to be saddened by the passing of her husband. Yet it is in that very moment we find her true feelings. Kate Chopin was born Katherine O’Flaherty on February 8, 1850 in St. Louis Missouri. She was the only child born to her

Questions and Answers on Psychological Health Free Essays

according to Adler, both psychological health and neurosis starts from feelings of Inferiority with the final goal of superiority. In the development path to psychological health, one strives for perfection or completion In accordance to social Interest. They strive to become better people while cooperating with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions and Answers on Psychological Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, the path to neurosis Is when one acts In his or her own personal superiority. They see people as enemies or obstacles standing In the way of their goal. This Is the destructive path that leads to neurosis. Adler believes that healthy people strive for perfection/ completion and the only way towards that Is cooperating with others so we all can benefit. 2. What is social interest and how Is It related to psychologically healthy development? Adler defined social interest as â€Å"a striving for a form of community which must be thought of as everlasting, as it could be though of if mankind had reached the goal of perfection. In other words, he believed that all human beings an inborn instinct to live in harmony with others to create a more perfect society. Adler believed that to see this come alive, we must be on a constructive path to psychological health. As previously stated, psychological health involves cooperation with society by helping each other grow into more â€Å"perfect† or â€Å"complete† individuals. 3. What are the four major lifes tyles or personality types, and what are the differences between them? The four major lifestyles/personality types are ruling/ dominant, getting/leaning, avoidance, and socially useful. The ruling/dominant type was probably neglected during their early stages of life and as an adult shows intense defense mechanisms to protect their self-image. The getting/leaning type was typically spoiled by their mother and as an adult show high level of aggression. The avoidance type was typically looked down by their mother and showed no support for their goals. These types of people grow up to be socially distant with an Inferiority complex. The socially useful personality will have a high social interest In living in harmony with others. This is the only non-faulty personality type. 4. Based on research, what are some arguments showing that a person’s order of birth does have an impact on his/her development? Recent research show that first born are more likely to be national merit scholarship winners, college graduates, graduate students, university faculty, scientists, and US Senators, US Representatives, and state governors. In addition, they are more likely to have type A personalities. Only children are similar to first born except for that they are more sociable and cooperative. The youngest children are more likely to be pampered by their parent’s, which leads to a quick gratification pattern. Questions and Answers on Psychological Health By Ernestine 2345 1 . What is a developmental path to psychological health? To neurosis? Inferiority with the final goal of superiority. In the development path to psychological health, one strives for perfection or completion in accordance to social interest. They neurosis is when one acts in his or her own personal superiority. They see people as enemies or obstacles standing in the way of their goal. This is the destructive path completion and the only way towards that is cooperating with others so we all can benefit. 2. What is social interest and how is it related to psychologically healthy differences between them? The four major lifestyles/personality types are ruling/ for their goals. These types of people grow up to be socially distant with an inferiority complex. The socially useful personality will have a high social interest in living in and state governors. In addition, they are more likely to have type A personalities. How to cite Questions and Answers on Psychological Health, Papers

Camel Rating Of Brac Bank free essay sample

Camels rating system is a common phenomenon for all banking system all over the world. It is used in all over the country in the world. It is mainly used to measure a ranking position of a bank on the basis of few criteria. Camels rating system is an international bank-rating system where bank supervisory authorities rate institutions according to six factors. The six factors are represented by the acronym CAMELS. The six factors examined are as follows: C Capital adequacy A Asset quality M Management quality E Earnings L Liquidity S Sensitivity to Market Risk Bank supervisory authorities assign a score on a scale of one (best) to five (worst) for each factor to each bank. If a bank has an average score less than two it is considered to be a highquality institution, while banks with scores greater than three are considered to be less-thansatisfactory establishments. The system helps the supervisory authority identify banks that are in need of attention. Origin of Camels Rating System: There were many banks rating system available in the world. However, Camels rating system is the most successful bank rating system in the world. The ‘Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System (UFIRS)’ was created in 1979 by the bank regulatory agencies. Under the original UFIRS a bank was assigned ratings based on performance in five areas: the adequacy of Capital, the quality of Assets, the capability of Management, the quality and level of Earnings and the adequacy of Liquidity. Bank supervisors assigned a 1 through 5 rating for each of these components and a composite rating for the bank. This 1 through 5 composite rating was known primarily by the short form CAMEL. A bank received the CAMEL rate 1 or 2 for their sound or good performance in every respect of criteria. The bank which exhibited unsafe and unsound practices or conditions, critically deficient performance received the CAMEL rate 5 and that bank was of the greatest supervisory concern. While the CAMEL rating normally bore close relation to the five component ratings, it was not the result of averaging those five grades. Supervisors consider each institution’s specific 3 situation when weighing component ratings and review all relevant factors when assigning ratings to a certain extent. The process and component and composite system exist similar for all banking companies. In 1996, the UFIRS was revised and CAMEL became CAMELS with the addition of a component grade for the Sensitivity of the bank to market risk. Sensitivity is the degree to which changes in market prices such as interest rates adversely affect a financial institution. The communication policy for bank ratings was also changed at end of 1996. Starting in 1997, the supervisors were to report the component rating to the bank. Prior to that, supervisors only reported the numeric composite rating to the bank. Six Factors of Camels Ratings System: Capital Adequacy Capital adequacy focuses on the total position of bank capital. It assures the depositors that they are protected from the potential shocks of losses that a bank incurs. Financial managers maintain company’s adequate level of capitalization by following it. It is the key parameter of maintaining adequate levels of capitalization. Asset quality determines the robustness of financial institutions against loss of value in the assets. All commercial banks show the concentration of loans and advances in total assets. The high concentration of loans and advances indicates vulnerability of assets to credit risk, especially since the portion of non-performing assets is significant. Management quality of any financial institution is evaluated in terms of Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity and Sensitivity to market risk. Moreover, it is also depended on compliance with set norm, planning ability; react to changing situation, technical competence, leadership and administrative quality. A Sound management is the most important pre-requisite for the strength and growth of any financial institution. Earning and profitability is the prime sources of increasing capital of any financial institution. Strong earnings and profitability profile of a bank reflect its ability to support present and future operations. Increased earning ensure adequate capital and adequate capital can absorb all loses and give shareholder adequate dividends. An adequate liquidity position refers to a situation, where an institution can obtain sufficient funds, either by increasing liabilities or by converting its assets quickly at a reasonable cost. 4 It access in terms of asset and liability management. Liquidity indicators measured as percentage of demand and time liabilities (excluding interbank items) of the banks. It means that the percentage of demand and time liabilities gets a bank as per its liquid assets. The sensitivity to market risk is evaluated from changes in market prices, notably interest rates; exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices adversely affect a bank’s earnings and capital. Process of Camels Reporting: The reporting process of CAMELS rating is given below: Figure : Reporting Process of CAMELS rating Process: 1. Data collection of reschedule status of overdue loans from CRM, Retail, SME and Ops. 2. Data collection of lending rates and deposit rates from Treasury. Data collection of average borrowed amount and rate of interest expenses from Treasury. 4. Data collection of maturity wise investments from Treasury. 5. Collect information of training programs arranged by the Bank’s training institute from Human Resources Division. 6. Collection of other required reports and statements from other divisions. 7. Preparation of CAMELS report as per guideline of BB Core Risk Management Guidelines. 8. Meeting arranged with MANCOM. 5 Camels Rating System of Bangladesh: All over the world, CAMELS rating is a common figure to all banking industry. Like all other countries, it is also used in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the five components of CAMEL have been used for evaluating the five crucial dimensions of a bank’s operations that reflect in a complete institution’s financial condition, compliance with banking regulations and statutes and overall operating soundness since the early nineties. In 2006, Bangladesh Bank has upgraded the CAMEL into CAMELS. ‘Sensitivity to market risk’ or ‘S’ is the new rating component which is included in CAMEL and make it into CAMELS. The new rating component makes the system more effective and efficient. The new system needs bank’s regular condition and performance according to predetermined stress testing on asset and liability and foreign exchange exposures, procedures, rules and criteria and on the basis of the results obtained through risk-based audits under core risk management guidelines. A bank’s single CAMELS rating has come from off-site monitoring, which uses monthly financial statement information, and an on-site examination, from which bank supervisors gather further â€Å"private information† not reflected in the financial reports. The development of credit points examination result is ranging from 0 to 100. The six key performance dimensions – capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk – are to be evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascending order. Following is a description of the graduations of rating: Rating 1 indicates strong performance: BEST rating. Rating 2 reflects satisfactory performance. Rating 3 represents performance that is flawed to some degree. Rating 4 refers to marginal performance and is significantly below average and Rating 5 is considered unsatisfactory: WORST rating. Table : Composite CAMELS and their Interpretation Rating Composite range Description Rating Analysis interpretation 1 1 to 1. 4 Strong Sound in every respect, no supervisory responses required. 2 1. 5 to 2. 4 Satisfactory Fundamentally sound with modest correctable weakness, supervisory response limited. Combination of weaknesses if not redirected will become severe. 3 2. 5 to 3. 4 Fair Watch category. Requires more than normal supervision. Immoderate weakness unless properly addressed could impair future 4 3. 5 to 4. 4 Marginal viability of the bank. Needs close supervision. High risk of failure in the near term. Under constant supervision/cease 5 4. 5 to 5 Unsatisfactory and desist order. Capital adequacy: Capital adequacy focuses on the total position of bank capital. It focuses on the risk weighted assets which proposed to protect from the potential shocks of losses that a bank might incur. It is assessed according to: the volume of risk assets, the volume of marginal and inferior assets, bank growth experience, plans, and prospects; and the strength of management in relation to all the above factors. The major financial risk like credit risk, interest rate risk and risk involved in off-balance sheet operations are absorbed by it. The CAMELS components are also required for Basel Committee of Bangladesh Bank. As regards the capital adequacy, they grouped the factors like a) size of the bank, b) volume of inferior quality assets, c) bank’s growth experience, plans and prospects, d) quality of capital, e) retained earnings, f) access to capital markets, and g) non-ledger assets and sound values not shown on books (real property at nominal values, charge-offs with firm recovery values, tax adjustments). Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets ratio (CRWA) is the most widely used indicator for capital adequacy ratio. According to Bangladesh Bank, a bank has to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of not less than 10 percent of their risk weighted assets (RWA, with at least 5 percent in core capital) or Taka 2 billion, whichever is higher. Basel II Basel II is a capital adequacy management framework for banks. Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords, which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision; adopted by Bangladesh Bank. The main objectives of Basel II are as follows: Promote safety and soundness in the financial systems Constitute a more comprehensive and more sensitive approach to addressing risks Better alignment of regulatory capital to underlying risk Encourages banks to improve risk management These guidelines are structured on following three aspects: a) Minimum capital requirements to be maintained by a bank against credit, market, and operational risks. b) Process for assessing the overall capital adequacy aligned with risk profile of a bank as well as capital growth plan. c) Framework of public disclosure on the position of a banks risk profiles, capital adequacy, and risk management system.

Olympic Park in Stratford

Question: Discuss about the Olympic Park in Stratford. Answer: Introduction: A particular message that broadcasted around the Olympic Park in Stratford during the starting of the event that it is going to be the glorious event ever happened in London. The value of public investment in influential sport event is the most prominent factors that have been showcased during the event. The grassroots of UK sport transformation and the overall economic benefits has been took place. The festival of sport spirit has been rejuvenated through this event and most importantly, the Olympic Games boosted the tourism within the territory of United Kingdom (NYC Finance Jobs, Finance Consulting, New York Recruiters - Wall Street Services, 2016). Therefore, Olympic developed reliable economic platform that increases the chances of future business infrastructure. Financial investment in this event provide immense impact to the overall success and failure rates and in this case, the financial budget management was not done as per the requirement and due to the fact government cooperation was not observed effectively that can execute the program successfully. There are some issues related to Singapore Moment results in some modifications of sports strategy. On the other hand, it can be regarded as the economic failure as most of the hotels and restaurants were empty during the event (Stock Markets, 2016). The government body and the ministry of Britain were solely responsible for the management of the event and as far as the success is concerned the strategies and rules were not quite effectively implemented that can results in better successful event. The major stakeholders are the government authorities, the participated players, the managing authorities and the individuals who came to see the event at London (the Guardian, 2016). The major risk associated with safety and security of citizen that is innovatively maintained by the government. References NYC Finance Jobs, Finance Consulting, New York Recruiters - Wall Street Services. (2016).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.wallstreetservices.com/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016]. Stock Markets, E. (2016).CNBC US Home. [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016]. the Guardian. (2016).News, sport and opinion from the Guardian's US edition | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com [Accessed 24 Jul. 2016].

Fiberglass Insulation free essay sample

Looking at the health dangers versus the advantages of fiberglass insulations. Discusses the issue of animal testing, types and safer alternatives. Fiberglass insulation, installed in blanket form or blown in, when other options are unavailable, is one of the most common forms of thermal insulation used in buildings today. The debate over the safety of fiberglass insulation centers around its potentially hazardous effect on human respiratory systems. Fiberglass is suspected of being a carcinogen, and an irritant capable of causing impairment of respiratory system defenses. Thus far, substantial fiberglass hazards have been positively identified only for those involved in the manufacture, industrial use, or installation of the material. Nonetheless, since danger to the inhabitants of a house with fiberglass installation has not been ruled out, many clients may prefer to avoid the material. In addition, designers may prefer to avoid the material as a matter of policy. Yet, the choice of using or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Fiberglass Insulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

The 5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric

The 5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric The classical Canons of Rhetoric specify the components of the communication act: inventing and arranging ideas, choosing and delivering clusters of words, and maintaining in memory a storehouse of ideas and repertoire of behaviors. . .  This breakdown is not as facile as it looks. The Canons have stood the test of time. They represent a legitimate taxonomy of processes. Instructors [in our own time] can situate their pedagogical strategies in each of the Canons.(Gerald M. Phillips et al., Communication Incompetencies: A Theory of Training Oral Performance Behavior. Southern Illinois University Press, 1991) As defined by the Roman philosopher Cicero and the unknown author of Rhetorica ad Herennium, the canons of rhetoric are these five overlapping divisions of the rhetorical process: Invention  (Latin, inventio; Greek, heuresis)Invention is the art of finding the appropriate arguments in any rhetorical situation. In his early treatise De Inventione (c. 84 B.C.), Cicero defined invention as the discovery of valid or seemingly valid arguments to render ones cause probable. In contemporary rhetoric, invention generally refers to a wide variety of research methods and discovery strategies. But to be effective, as Aristotle demonstrated 2,500 years ago, invention must also take into consideration the needs, interests, and background of the audience.Arrangement  (Latin, dispositio; Greek, taxis)Arrangement refers to the parts of a speech or, more broadly, the structure of a text. In classical rhetoric, students were taught the distinctive parts of an oration. Although scholars didnt always agree on the number of parts, Cicero and Quintilian identified these six: the exordium (or introduction), the narrative, the partition (or division), the confirmation, the refuta tion, and the peroration (or conclusion). In current-traditional rhetoric, arrangement has often been reduced to the three-part structure (introduction, body, conclusion) embodied by the five-paragraph theme. Style  (Latin, elocutio; Greek, lexis)Style is the way in which something is spoken, written, or performed. Narrowly interpreted, style refers to word choice, sentence structures, and figures of speech. More broadly, style is considered a manifestation of the person speaking or writing. Quintilian identified three levels of style, each suited to one of the three primary functions of rhetoric: the plain style for instructing an audience, the middle style for moving an audience, and the grand style for pleasing an audience.Memory  (Latin, memoria; Greek, mneme)This canon includes all the methods and devices (including figures of speech) that can be used to aid and improve the memory. Roman rhetoricians made a distinction between natural memory (an innate ability) and artificial memory (particular techniques that enhanced natural abilities). Though often disregarded by composition specialists today, memory was a crucial aspect of classical systems of rhetoric. As Frances A. Yates po ints out in The Art of Memory (1966), Memory is not a section of [Platos] treatise, as one part of the art of rhetoric; memory in the platonic sense is the groundwork of the whole. Delivery  (Latin, pronuntiato and actio; Greek, hypocrisis)Delivery refers to the management of voice and gestures in oral discourse. Delivery, Cicero said in De Oratore, has the sole and supreme power in oratory; without it, a speaker of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem; while one of moderate abilities, with this qualification, may surpass even those of the highest talent. In written discourse today, says Robert J. Connors, delivery means only one thing: the format and conventions of the final written product as it reaches the hands of the reader (Actio: A Rhetoric of Written Delivery in Rhetorical Memory and Delivery, 1993).   Keep in mind that the five traditional canons are interrelated activities, not rigid formulas, rules, or categories. Though originally intended as aids to the composition and delivery of formal speeches, the canons are adaptable to many communicative situations, both in speech and in writing.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Writer's choice - Essay Example Indeed, I will quote two scholarly readings from the 1960s to prove this assertion. The students for a democratic society released a statement in 1962 that defined a declaration of SDS principles (University of Michigan, 1962). Ideally, SDS was a radical student organization that derived fundamental influence in 1968. Indeed, the movement drew many students in protesting against Vietnam War. The growing distribution of the Port Huron statement translated to a strong student movement that influenced global democracy in the1968 (University of Michigan, 1962). In 1968, SDS led to students’ demonstrations that involved more than 150 demonstrators who demanded multicultural curriculum and financial support for ethnic studies. The Students for a Democratic Society launched a major antiwar demonstration at Columbia University in April 1968 (Hayden, 1968). The demonstrators occupied various buildings and kidnaped three school officials. It took the intervention of more than 1,000 police officers to clear the growing number of student demonstrators who were in excess of 5,000 students (Hayden, 1968). SDS governing council called for "two, three, many Columbians† in 1968. The call encouraged the demonstrators to heighten the protests with an aim of forcing the federal government to change or send American troops to take over American universities (Hayden, 1968). Indeed, they treated the Columbia strike as a case model for student protests in all universities in 1968 since it defined a new tactical movement. Indeed, the student protests contradicted black protests since they opposed fundamental institutions (Hayden, 1968). Initially, students were responding to the black movement but in 1968, they focused on â€Å"Student Power." The demonstrators adopted an internationalist and revolutionary approach in opposing imperialism in American universities (Hayden,

The business communication report of International Committee of the Essay

The business communication report of International Committee of the Red Cross - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is International Committee of the Red Cross as a privately owned humanitarian organization based in Switzerland. Considering the overall nature of the work and its mandate, Red Cross has to effectively communicate with different stakeholders. Over the period of time, it has been able to develop communication mechanism within and outside the organization which allow it to better communicate its message to all the stakeholders. Its international communication is targeted at its employees and field staff who are constantly being informed about the organization through different means. Periodic meetings, email newsletters, video conferences as well as local internet network are some of the tools through which organization communicates with the field staff. External communication takes place both through the written as well as verbal forms of communication. Through its official spoke persons as well as written material, Red Cross continues to offer infor mation about the organization to media as well as other stakeholders. It is also critical to understand that most of the communication by Red Cross to external world takes place through face to face communication as it has to interact with the victims of crime and war through verbal communication. Further, a recommendation will be presented as to what type of communication methodologies can be used by the organization to effectively communicate with the target audience. ... Besides using face to face communication methods, ICRC has also been communicated with its users through its websites, news, blogs, social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. Presence on different social media means therefore allows ICRC to communicate with different stakeholders at relatively low cost and better effectiveness. This business report will focus on what types of communications are used by the ICRC in order to communicate with its consumers. Further, there will be an analysis of what types of communication is more beneficial for the organization to effectively reach to their target audience. Further, a recommendation will be presented as to what type of communication methodologies can be used by the organization to effectively communicate with the target audience. International Committee of the Red Crescent Before discussing anything about the kind of communication types used by ICRC, it is important to provide a brief overview and background of the organization and h ow it actually communicates with its audience.( Torres, 2010) Red Cross is famous worldwide organisation for its purpose of aid in different pattern in society. They have gone beyond boundaries and served zillions regardless of age, gender, or any differentiation at all. This organization is flourished over years and it would have not been in the place it is today without its various communication’s tools. Their mode of communication with their consumers and also the external world are websites, news, blogs, social networks like Facebook, YouTube and so on. They do not use internet only but also events, volunteer workshops and other sort of campaigns. The official mission of Red Cross is to help the

Professional Development And Reflective Practice Education Essay

Professional Development And Reflective Practice Education Essay Counsellor self-awareness has been frequently emphasised as a critical professional competency for all counsellors (Remley Herlihy, 2007). To support this key competency, reflective practice is an important means of supporting self-awareness in students and beginning counsellors. This paper will look at some definitions of reflective practice, and how it is far more than just thinking about what has happened. Reflective practice is an approach used in counselling and other health professions where models of reflection offer a way to evaluate applied learning: it is a method of refining skills and expertise by scrutinizing actions while they are being carried out, and then assessing them through discussion, writing exercises such as journalling, similar assessments or by professional supervision. Reflective practice has been developed in a variety of fields over the last few decades, most markedly in professions where interpersonal relationships are central and a high degree of intuitive judgement and decision-making is needed. Because of this, counselling and teaching make great use of reflective practice methods, along with community and youth workers, and allied health professionals. Professional practice was pioneered by Donald Schà ¶n in the 1980s. Several models exist, but basically reflective practice and learning involves growth and development as a professional by considering at an event or incident, understanding it and learning from it. Different models may emphasise different areas of reflective learning, or broaden the process to include a range of peers, communities and professional or learning colleagues Reflective practice is a continuous process and involves the learner considering critical incidents in their life experiences. As defined by Schà ¶n, reflective practice involves thoughtfully considering ones own experiences in applying knowledge to practice while being coached by professionals in the discipline. It has been described as an unstructured, self-regulated process approach directing understanding and learning. Reflective practice as a way of working that involves acting consciously and deliberately on the basis of critical insight and understanding. A reflective practitioner needs to develop an awareness of new ways to look at situations, consider new opportunities and techniques, and finds fresh means to challenge states an circumstances. A reflective practioners is a Iifelong learner, as each experience will shape their practice and approach. A belief which underpins reflective practice is that counsellors should consolidate or frame our understanding. Framing is an inevitable thing: There is no way of perceiving and making sense of reality except through a frame, for the very task of making sense of complex, information-rich situations requires an operation of selectivity and organisation, which is what framing means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Schà ¶n, 1994, p29). To be reflective does not imply disregarding all assumptions and prior opinions. Instead, it is about being aware of what practioners bring with us when we meet with others. Reflective practitioners must be able to put themselves in the shoes of other actors, but and they must also have the complementary ability to consider how their own frames may contribute to problematic situations (Schà ¶n, 1994, p187). Reflective practice is consequently something that takes persistent and constant time, commitment and practice. To help counsellors, particularly as beginning counsellors, this can be where an good supervisor is so important, inspiring the counsellor to grow as a person and a professional, to think and act outside of the box and avoid falling into self-deception or pitfalls. An continuing commitment to education and also an essential basic requirement to aid this growth and development. In reflective practice it is possible to distinguish three different phases. Schà ¶n (1983) distinguished between reflection-in-action (at the same time as the practice takes place) and reflection-on-action (afterwards). reflection on practice which involves stepping back from an experience and exploring (a) what happened (b) what can be learned from it and (b) what should be done next time. This approach is used widely with students in various disciplines who are encouraged to keep a journal of learning experiences and their practice implications. Kolbs learning circle (experience _reflection _ making sense _ planning for action) is a common tool used by supervisors to help students learn this process in systematic form. Secondly, there is reflection in practice which involves being aware and conscious in the here-and-now moment; i.e. during supervision/counselling as its actually happening. This is, in some respects, an advanced-level application of reflection on practice and essential for those engaged in counselling and supervision approaches that involve working primarily with immediacy (e.g. psychotherapy: recognising transference, projection, parallel process etc.). It is also especially valuable for people working in crisis situations where conditions change rapidly and the ability to think continually on ones feet is critical. the difference between reflection on and reflection in is, in essence, the difference between What happened thenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? and What is happening nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦?. The practice dimension reminds us that for learning-through-reflection to become genuinely transformational, it needs to be applied. The role of supervisor, therefore, involves not only helping the counsellor to learn through reflection but to support application of that learning to enhance his or her counselling practice. When these dimensions are drawn together in continual process, the counsellor can be described as a reflective practitioner. According to Schon (1983), reflection-in-action is a rigorous professional process involving acknowledgement of and reflection on uncertainty and complexity in ones practice leading to a legitimate form of professional knowing (p.69). Reflection-in-action is defined by Schà ¶n as the ability of professionals to think what they are doing while they are doing it. the only way to manage the indeterminate zones of (professional) practice is through the ability to think on your feet, and apply previous experience to new situations. This is essential work of the professional, and requires the capability of reflection-in-action. Schà ¶n also offers his thoughts on how this kind of professional is produced. He describes a number of key concepts: The Reflective Practicum. a term for the educational setting, or environment: A practicum is a setting designed for the task of learning a practice. This is where students learn by doing, with the help of coaching. The practicum is reflective in two senses: it is intended to help students become proficient in a kind of reflection-in-action; and, when it works well, it involves a dialogue of coach and student that takes the form of reciprocal reflection-in-action.    Tacit knowledge: his comes from the work of Michael Polanyi3. He describes for example the remarkable way we are able to pick out a familiar face in a crowd. This does not require thinking about, or a systematic analysis of features. We cannot verbalise how this is done, and so the knowledge is unspoken or tacit.   Knowing-in-action derives from the idea of tacit knowledge. It refers to the kinds of knowledge revealed in the way we carry out tasks and approach problems. The knowing is in the action. It is revealed by the skilful execution of the performance we are characteristically unable to make it verbally explicit. This tacit knowledge is derived from research, and also from the practitioners own reflections and experience.   Reflection-in-action: reflection that occurs whilst a problem is being addressed, in what Schon calls the action-present. It is a response to a surprise where the expected outcome is outside of our knowing-in-action. The reflective process is at least to some degree conscious, but may not be verbalised. Reflection-in-action is about challenging our assumptions (because knowing-in-action forms the basis of assumption). It is about thinking again, in a new way, about a problem we have encountered.   Reflection-on-action: reflection after the event. Consciously undertaken, and often documented.   Willing suspension of disbelief: describes the process of entering into an experience, without judgment, in order to learn from it. Schà ¶n uses the term in relation to the idea of learning by doing. One cannot will oneself to believe until one understands. But understanding often will only arise from experience. So it is necessary first to allow the experience to happen.   Operative attention: listening and absorbing information, in a state of readiness to apply and experiment with the new information. An everyday example would be when we listen to directions on how to find an obscure address. This participation is important in the learning process a learner needs to be already engaged in activity for further information to have meaning. This in turn is partly derived from Wittgensteins5 contention that the meaning of an operation can only be learned through its performance. Hence mechanical or imperfect performance of an activity prepares the learner for new information (feedback) on that activity, in order to develop understanding.   The ladder of reflection: Schà ¶n speaks of a vertical dimension of analysis that can happen in the dialogue between learner and teacher. To move up a rung on the ladder involves reflecting on an activity. To move down a rung is to move from reflection to experimentation. This ladder has more than two rungs it is also possible to reflect on the process of reflection. The importance of this concept is in its potential for helping out with stuck situations in learning. Being able to move to another level may assist coach and learner to achieve together what Schà ¶n refers to as convergence of meaning.   Professional reflective practice is an intricate and challenging activity. It takes time, commitment and support, ongoing professional development and supervision to mature. It should leads to new action and a confirmation of existing actions. Reflective practice needs to be more than just thoughtful practice, it needs to be a continual process of turning practice into educational opportunities. Also very useful in expressing an approach to reflective practice is Kolbs experiential learning theory. Kolb (1984), a leader in the contemporary experiential education movement, defined experiential learning as the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (p. 38). His model of experiential learning was based on the works of developmental theorists John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, and Jean Piaget. Ideally there is a learning cycle or spiral where the learner passed through a four stage learning cycle: first a cycle of experiencing, then of reflecting, thirdly thinking, and finally acting. Immediate or concrete experiences lead to observations and reflections. These reflections are then assimilated (absorbed and translated) into abstract concepts with implications for action, which the person can actively test and experiment with, which in turn enable the creation of new experiences. As learners continue to have new concrete experiences, by reflecting and thinking about them, we can plan, test hypotheses, and have a positive impact on new experiences. Kolbs learning circle (experience, reflection, making sense, then planning for action) is a practical tool to help students learn (Wright, 202) . (a) concrete experience, (b) reflective observation, (c) abstract conceptualization, and (d) active experimentation. The process of experiential education and learning begins with the concrete experience itself (e.g., participating as a member in a small group) and continues with intentional and guided reflection on or debriefing of that experience. Abstract conceptualization represents both the integration of learning experiences and the generation of new ideas. This might include identifying and understanding the monopolizing behaviour on the part of a group member and brainstorming ways to address it in the next group session. Through active experimentation, these new ideas can be tested and explored. the process of reflection is one of the necessary stages of learning (Kolb 1984; Bennett-Levy 2006) and therefore Part of clinical wisdom is reflection on practice. Supervision provides the reflective space in which to consider the difficulties and particulars of counselling, within a supportive relationship. Supervision provides the opportunity to develop skills and understanding, and provides an avenue for comparing different approaches to managing and conceptualising client problems. Supervision can provided the reflective space to help the supervisee learn about their own thoughts and feelings, and the effect of self on clients. As a beginning counsellor, there a variety of excellent refection strategies to assist in personal and professional growth and development, to help improve counselling skills, and to prevent burn out and being overwhelmed by worries and concerns of clients. Appropriate and effective supervision (as well as group and peer supervision), journalling, feedback from clients and supervisors, measures of client progress, and continued education. Padesky (1996: 273-4) wrote: The art and skill of therapy are best developed in a therapist who consistently analyses and learns from both positive and negative client feedback and outcome.